秋水仙素诱导青虾次级卵母细胞二倍体初探

以青虾卵巢为材料，采用秋水仙素诱导多倍体次级卵母细胞．经滴片试验，确立此实验最佳滴片高度为1．5cm，通过设置5个秋水仙素浓度(0．08～0．40mg／mL)及3个作用时间(6～24h)，观察发生染色体加倍的细胞相对数目．实验结果表明：在使用秋水仙素的浓度为0．08～0．40mg／mL，处理6～24h时都可以获得多倍体卵细胞．在秋水仙素浓度是0．32mg／mL，处理6h可得到最高二倍体突变率(32．58％)．还测试了0．32mg／mL COM作用6h时ATPase活性与生理盐水对照组的变化，结果显示COM会在一定程度上影响细胞的新陈代谢．但是50％左右的成活率表明，这种诱导突变的方法仍具有一定的应用价值．     

在华外商直接投资对我国产业结构的双重影响与对策研究

近几年,在华外商直接投资迅速增加,掀起了新一轮在华投资热潮。我国三次产业结构日趋合理,在华外商直接投资在其中起到了积极和消极两方面的作用。本文分析了在华外商直接投资的现状及其对我国产业结构影响的正负效应,并提出了相关对策。     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

Rapid reversion of aging phenotypes by nicotinamide through possible modulation of histone acetylation

Aging appears to be an irreversible process. Here we report that nicotinamide (NAA) can induce rapid and reversible reversion of aging phenotypes in human diploid fibroblasts in terms of cell morphology and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Although NAA seems to enhance the replicative potential of the cells, it has little effect on their growth rate and life span, suggesting that NAA action is rather separated from the cellular replicative system. The effects are unique to NAA: none of the NAA-related compounds examined (an NAD precursor/niacin, NAD analogs, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors) exerted similar effects. Thus, NAD-related metabolism and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are unlikely related to the NAA action. On the other hand, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity was elevated in NAA-exposed cells, while in aged cells, HAT activity and histone H4 acetylation were lowered. Taken together, the results suggest that NAA may cause rejuvenation by restoring, at least in part, altered gene expression in aged cells through its activation of HAT. Received 27 August 2001; received after revision 15 October 2001; accepted 15 October 2001     

肝片吸虫和巨片吸虫染色体和同工酶的研究

本文研究了来自国内数省份的片形吸虫的染色体和同工酶,发现肝片吸虫的染色体为三倍体型,巨片吸虫的染色体为二倍体型。根据二者核型相近、酯酶同工酶一致以及生活史各期虫体形态相似,作者认为肝片吸虫是巨片吸虫的同源三倍体的种类。     

二倍体与多倍体罗汉果生物学性状的比较研究

以罗汉果二倍体为对照,研究二倍体与多倍体(三倍体、四倍体)植株之间地径、株径、叶片、气孔器和花器的生物学性状.结果表明:罗汉果植株的地茎、株径、叶长宽、叶面积、叶厚、气孔长宽、保卫细胞长宽、花瓣长宽、子房纵径、子房横径均表现出:四倍体>三倍体>二倍体,而且多数性状在不同倍性间的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);气孔密...     

模仿二倍体繁殖的改进遗传算法

针对标准遗传算法和二倍体遗传算法容易陷入早期收敛、末期局部搜索能力差等不足之处,给出了一种忽略等位基因显隐性的二倍体遗传算法的改进方法;模仿二倍体生物繁殖的过程,引入同源染色体交叉、配子重组操作,改进了传统遗传算法的遗传操作过程;在选择过程中采用了结合最优保留的受限选择策略及精英种群方案。仿真结果表明,该改进算法不但能使种群基因保持多样性,有效抑制了算法的早熟收敛,还降低了算法复杂度、提高了搜索精度,使算法能以较快的速度与较高的精度达到全局最优。     

水稻悬浮细胞系的建立

 对包括广亲和材料、恢复系、花培后代在内的30个水稻不同基因型的品种(系)在MS培养基中的培养能力进行了调查.根据出愈率的高低和愈伤组织培养能力,把它们分成Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ3种类型.从Ⅰ类型中挑选CPSLO17和IR21820-154-3-2-2-8用N₆液体培养基进行液体培养,CPSLO17建立了悬浮细胞系,证实基因型的差异是决定建立良好悬浮细胞系的关键因素之一.此外还考察了低锌胁迫对水稻悬浮细胞系和幼胚愈伤分化率的影响.     

双倍体差分进化粒子群算法在VRPSDP中的应用研究

针对粒子群算法和差分进化算法的不足,根据生物遗传学规律,提出了双倍体差分进化粒子群算法,并将其用于具有集送货需求车辆路径问题的求解中.个体有显性隐性两种状态,显性状态执行粒子群优化规则,隐性状态执行差分进化规则,通过比较适应度显性隐性可以互换.根据算法和问题特点,提出了一种实数编解码方案,使用启发式算法修正和改进算法结果.通过仿真实验,分析讨论了算法的参数,并与其他算法进行了比较,表明该算法是求解具有集送货需求车辆路径问题的有效方法.     

人胚肺二倍体细胞株KMB17在培养过程中的自然凋亡

用延长培养周期方法诱导人二倍体胚肺细胞株ＫＭＢ１７自然凋亡,经光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、细胞流式仪、电子显微镜,证明ＫＭＢ１７细胞出现典型的凋亡特征：细胞圆缩、细胞核浓缩破裂、核染色质凝缩后分布于核膜边缘呈新月状和典型的凋亡峰．研究表明人胚肺二倍体细胞（ＫＭＢ１７）在培养过程中易出现自然凋亡．提示可望通过提高细胞对环境压力的耐受能力,预防或延缓细胞培养过程中的自然凋亡,提高操作单元细胞产品的生产效率．